Bash: Reissue And Repeat A Long Command Without Retyping It on a Linux, OS X & Unix

I'm a new Ubuntu Linux user. In Linux, Apple OS X or Unix-like systems, how do I reissue or repeat a long command without retying it?

You need to use the history command to display or manipulate the history list on a Linux or Unix-like systems. This command displays the list of commands previously typed with line numbers, prefixing each modified entry with a *.

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Explain: {,} in cp or mv Bash Shell Commands

I often see commands as follows posted on blog or forums

cp /etc/httpd/httpd.{,.bakup}

OR

mv resume{z,}.doc

What is the purpose of {,} in Linux and Unix shell commands?

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